Diatomaceous earth (DE) filters are renowned for their superior water filtration, effectively trapping particles as tiny as 3 microns. Used extensively in swimming pools, aquariums, and even industrial processes, they rely on fossilized diatoms, which act as a fine powder that captures contaminants from water. Regular maintenance is vital to ensure the longevity and effectiveness of these filters.
However, if you need help or are uncomfortable with DIY repairs, consider reaching out to a reputable pool company like JJB Pools & Spas for assistance. This comprehensive guide will help you break down and maintain your DE filter or give you the background to know when to call in the experts.
How DE Filters Work
Understanding how DE filters work is essential before diving into the breakdown process. The main components include:
- Filter Housing: The external casing holding the grid assembly and allowing water to pass through.
- Grid Assembly: Series of fabric-covered grids that hold DE powder and trap impurities.
- Multiport Valve: Directs water through various pathways for filtration, backwash, and waste.
- Pressure Gauge: Monitors the internal pressure, indicating when cleaning is needed.
- Backwash Valve: Reverses water flow to clear debris from the grids.
When the filter operates, DE powder coats the grid assembly, creating a porous barrier that captures tiny particles, bacteria, and other contaminants.
Quick Overview of the Process
| Safety & Preparation First | Turn off all power to the pool system (breaker and timer). Never rely on just the on/off switch. Release all pressure in the system by opening the air relief valve on top of the filter tank. Wait until the pressure gauge reads zero. Wear protective gear: Gloves, eye protection, and a dust mask are smart since D.E. powder is fine and can irritate lungs or skin. Let the system cool down if it’s been running—metal clamps or lids can get hot in direct sun. |
| Gather What You’ll Need | Before disassembly, have ready: Garden hose with spray nozzle Screwdriver or wrench for clamps Large bucket or trash bag for spent D.E. New D.E. powder (check label for brand/type) Filter lubricant (for O-rings) Replacement O-rings or gaskets if worn Optional: tarp or cardboard to protect the area from D.E. mess |
| Drain and Depressurize | Open the air relief valve and then the drain plug at the base of the tank. Let water drain completely before loosening the clamp band. Don’t skip this—pressurized tanks can be dangerous if opened too soon. |
| Know Your Filter’s Layout | D.E. filters come in two common styles: Grid (manifold) filters – Most common. Contain multiple fabric grids inside a frame. Bump filters – Have a handle you “bump” to dislodge D.E. from the grids. Before removing parts, take a quick photo of the inside. It helps you remember the order and orientation when reassembling. |
| Handle D.E. Waste Properly | Never rinse D.E. into storm drains or the street. It’s not harmful in small amounts, but local codes usually prohibit it. Hose it into a yard area, filter pit, or waste container, then let it dry before disposal. Some municipalities require D.E. disposal in sealed trash bags. |
| Clean Thoroughly | Use the garden hose to rinse each grid from top to bottom. Inspect grids for tears, broken ribs, or heavy buildup—replace if damaged. Check the manifold, standpipe, and O-rings for cracks or warping. Avoid high-pressure nozzles that can damage the fabric. |
| Reassembly & Charging Tips | Lightly coat all O-rings with a silicone-based lubricant. Re-seat the top and bottom manifolds carefully to avoid pinching. Tighten the band clamp evenly and gradually—don’t overtighten. Prime the pump, run the system, and add the correct amount of new D.E. powder through the skimmer while the pump is running. Watch for leaks and check pressure once the system stabilizes. |
| Know Your Filter’s Specs | Check your filter’s model label for the recommended D.E. charge amount (e.g., 5, 7.5, or 10 lbs). Adding too much D.E. causes high pressure; too little shortens filter life. |
| Inspect for Signs of Wear | Tank clamps should not be rusted or bent. The pressure gauge should return to zero when off. Look for hairline cracks in the tank or lid—these are warning signs of fatigue. |
| Regular Maintenance Reminder | Break down and clean every 6 months, or sooner if the pressure rises 8–10 psi above clean-start pressure. Replace grids about every 3–5 years for optimal filtration. |
Why Break Down the Filter?
Regular breakdown and cleaning of your DE filter are essential for:
- Optimal Filtration: Clogged DE can drastically reduce water flow and cleaning capacity.
- Preventing Wear: Debris buildup leads to grid tears and reduces filter lifespan.
- Cost-Efficiency: Maintaining the filter reduces the need for premature replacements.
However, if you’re hesitant to handle the breakdown process on your own, a professional pool company like JJB Pools & Spas can ensure the job is done efficiently and correctly.
Tools and Materials Needed
- Wrench or Socket Set: To remove bolts or clamps securing the filter lid.
- Garden Hose: For rinsing off grids and flushing the filter.
- Soft Brush: To gently scrub away stubborn deposits.
- Replacement DE Powder: To replenish the filter after cleaning.
- Lubricant for Seals: Ensures airtight seals upon reassembly.
- Safety Gear: Gloves, goggles, and a mask to handle chemicals and DE safely.
Detailed Step-by-Step Breakdown Guide
1. Preparation and Safety Measures
- Turn Off the System: Switch off the pump to prevent any flow while working on the filter.
- Release Pressure: Open the air relief valve to release built-up pressure, ensuring safe access.
- Wear Protective Gear: Gloves, goggles, and a dust mask are recommended.
2. Disassembly
- Remove the Lid: Unscrew bolts or clamps to access the grid assembly inside the filter.
- Extract the Grid Assembly: Carefully lift the assembly out of the housing without damaging grids.
- Separate the Grids: For complete cleaning, separate grids held together by clips or bolts.
3. Cleaning
- Rinse with a Hose: Spray the grids with a garden hose using a high-pressure nozzle to remove as much DE powder as possible. Do not use a pressure washer.
- Inspect for Wear: Check grids for tears, holes, or excessive wear, and replace if necessary.
- Soak in Acid Solution: For deep cleaning, soak grids in a mild solution of muriatic acid or a commercial filter cleaner.
- Scrub Gently: Use a soft brush to remove stubborn deposits, taking care not to damage the grids.
4. Reassembly
- Reassemble the Grid Assembly: Secure any clips or bolts to hold the grids together.
- Lubricate Seals: Apply a thin layer of lubricant such as LubeTube to ensure airtight and leak-proof seals.
- Replace the Lid: Secure the lid firmly back onto the filter housing.
5. Recharge the Filter
- Prime the System: Turn on the pump briefly to ensure proper water flow.
- Add Fresh DE Powder: Measure the correct amount of powder as specified in the user manual.
- Coat the Grids: Add the DE slowly through the skimmer to coat the grid assembly evenly.
6. Final Checks
- Monitor Pressure Gauge: Ensure the gauge shows normal operating pressure.
- Check for Leaks: Examine the filter housing for any leaks or unusual sounds.
Tips for Effective Maintenance
- Regular Backwashing: Backwash regularly to extend the intervals between full breakdowns.
- Maintain a Log: Keep a record of maintenance activities to identify patterns and improve future cleaning.
- Proper Disposal: Used DE powder should be safely disposed of according to local guidelines.
Troubleshooting Common Issues for DE Filters
| Pressure Build-Up | Cause: Filter grids may be dirty or clogged, or there might be debris blocking the flow of water. Solution: Backwash or clean the grids, inspect for damage, and ensure proper flow. |
| Short Filtration Cycles | Cause: Excessive dirt or algae or incorrect application of diatomaceous earth (DE). Solution: Clean the pool to reduce dirt, use a flocculant if necessary, and ensure proper DE dosage. |
| Air Leaks | Cause: Loose pump lid, faulty O-rings, or cracked plumbing connections. Solution: Tighten all connections, inspect and replace O-rings, and repair any visible cracks. |
| Cloudy Pool Water | Cause: Insufficient DE, dirty filter, or chemical imbalance. Solution: Check DE levels, clean the filter grids, and test water chemistry to balance. |
| DE Passing into Pool | Cause: Torn or broken filter grids, improper grid installation, or overfilling with DE. Solution: Inspect and replace damaged grids, reinstall properly, and measure DE correctly. |
| No Water Flow | Cause: Pump not primed, obstructions in plumbing, or clogged filter grids. Solution: Prime the pump, clear any blockages, and clean the grids. |
| Loud Noises from the System | Cause: Air trapped in the system or a failing pump motor. Solution: Bleed air from the filter, check the pump motor for wear, and ensure the pump is lubricated. |
| High DE Consumption | Cause: Incorrect DE dosage or frequent backwashing. Solution: Measure DE accurately and backwash only when necessary. |
| Pump Motor Overheating | Cause: Restricted water flow, improper ventilation, or an electrical issue. Solution: Inspect for flow blockages, ensure adequate ventilation, and check electrical connections. |
| Frequent Filter Cleaning Required | Cause: Heavy pool usage, unbalanced pool chemistry, or high debris levels. Solution: Shock the pool, adjust the chemistry, and use a pool cover or vacuum to reduce debris. |
These troubleshooting tips should help you effectively diagnose and resolve common DE filter issues.
Breaking down your DE filter can seem daunting, but the process can be straightforward and rewarding with careful preparation and the right tools. But if you’re in Tampa, Florida, and not confident in DIY filter maintenance (or need more complex pool repairs) JJB Pools & Spas can provide expert help. Whether you’re looking for a new pool company to install equipment or replace your existing pool setup, they can guide you through the process, ensuring sparkling, clean water in your pool.
JJB Pools & Spas provides expert pool maintenance, pool repair, pool resurfacing, pebble surfacing, and pool renovation across Tampa Bay — serving Largo, Palm Harbor, Dunedin, Belleair, South Tampa, Hyde Park, Palma Ceia, St. Pete Beach, Westchase, Odessa, Nine Eagles, Davis Islands & Clearwater Beach, and surrounding areas. We use only the best pool and spa industry brands, including Wet Edge Technologies, Primera Stone, Prism Matrix, Luna Quartz, Signature Matrix, and Aquabella Tile. JJB Pools is also a platinum warranty station for all Hayward brand equipment, and an expert in Variable Speed Pumps and energy-efficient pool heating. Call for a free estimate! (727) 412-4373